 Introduction: The earth & its interior, Geology & its applied branch, Importance of geology in Civil Engineering.  Minerals & rocks: Classification & types of minerals, rock forming minerals, types of rocks.  Geologic structures and their effect on structures: Folds, faults and joints.  Weathering and its implication: physical, chemical, biological weathering.  Earthquake and seismic design: Causes & classification of earthquakes, Effects of earthquakes, precautionary measures.  Geological investigation: Phases and methods of investigation, geological considerations in structures (dams, reservoirs, tunnels, road &bridges, buildings)

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